BondLib.Switches.Z2

# .BondLib.Switches.Z2

Electrical ideal leaking Zener diode of the Modelica bond graph library

## Information

The ideal leaking Zener diode element is a passive OnePort element. It inherits the effort and flow variables from the passive OnePort. The ideal leaking Zener diode is a switch element with internal modulation. The modulating signal, mode, is a ternary signal with the values conducting, blocking, and avalanche. Zener diodes are usually placed between a circuit node and the ground node. Thus, the bondgraphic Zener diode is usually attached to a 0-junction via a bond.

Diodes are switching elements that are primarily being used in electrical circuits, although nothing prevents them from being used also in other energy domains. Zener diodes are always used as reversed diodes. Thus, the positive and negative pins have been reversed in the model. Leaking diodes are a special class of non-linear resistors.

The causality of the leaking Zener diode element is free.

    Potential variables:

     e:      Bondgraphic effort variable

     f:      Bondgraphic flow variable, normalized positive for flows into the model

     mode:   Ternary variable denoting the switch position (internal modulation signal)

     s1:     Curve parameter

     s2:     Curve parameter

    Parameters:

     Ron:    Leakage resistance in conducting state (default value = 1e-5 Ohm)

     Raval:  Leakage resistance in avalanche state (default value = 1e-5 Ohm)

     Goff:   Leakage conductance in blocking state (default value = 1e-5 Mho)

     e0:     Avalanche breakdown voltage (default value = 1 Volt)

Equations:

s2 = s1 - e0
mode = if s1 < 0 then conducting else if s1 < e0 then blocking else avalanche
e = if mode == conducting then Ron*s1 else if mode == blocking then s1 else (s2*Ron + e0)
f = if mode == conducting then s1 else if mode == blocking then Goff*s1 else (s2 + Goff*e0)

References:

1. Otter, M., H. Elmqvist, and S.E. Mattsson (1999), "Hybrid Modeling in Modelica Based on the Synchronous Data Flow Principle," Proc. CACSD'99, IEEE Symposium on Computer-Aided Control System Design, Hawaii, August 22-27, 1999, pp. 151-157.

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